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Fibre To Fabric
Pictures of Wool Yielding Animals
Fibre to Fabric Process
Fiber to Fabric Book
Fibres and Fabrics
Fibre Yielding Animals
Easier - Fiber is a long, thin strand or thread of material. Fabric is a cloth material made by weaving or knitting threads together.
Harder - Fiber is a hairlike strand of material. It is a substance that is extremely long in relation to its width, at least 100 times longer than it is wide. A fiber is the smallest visible unit of any textile product. Fibers are flexible and may be spun into yarn and made into fabrics.
Fibers naturally occur in both plants and animals. More than half of the fibers produced are natural fibers. Natural fibers include cotton, hair, fur, silk, and wool. Other fibers are manufactured. There are two types of manufactured fibers: regenerated fibers and synthetic fibers. Regenerated fibers are made from natural materials by processing these materials to form a fiber structure. Also called cellulosics, regenerated fibers are derived from the cellulose in cotton and wood pulp. Rayon and acetate are two common regenerated fibers.
Synthetic fibers are made entirely from chemicals. Synthetic fibers are usually stronger than either natural or regenerated fibers. Synthetic fibers and the regenerated acetate fiber are thermoplastic; they are softened by heat. Therefore manufacturers can shape these fibers at high temperatures, adding such features as pleats and creases. Synthetic fibers will melt if touched with too hot an iron. The most widely used kinds of synthetic fibers are nylon (polyamide), polyester, acrylic, and olefin.
FIBRE TO FABRIC
You know that fibres are what fabrics are made of. Just look at the fabric of the dress
you are wearing. It is made of the thread prepared from small fibres. Just pull out a
thread from a piece of fabric and open it up by untwisting. You will see those small
fibres. You do know that there are a large number of fibres available to us and from
which a variety of fabrics are made. This is why in any cloth shop you find such a
variety of fabrics on the shelves of cloth shops in the market.
In this lesson we want you to get all the knowledge and acquire skills needed to
recognize the fabric you want to buy by associating it with its specific properties and
assessing its suitability to specific uses. You are familiar with the variety of uses
various fabrics have in our daily life. The study of fibres and fabrics gives us the
complete knowledge of properties and uses of various fabrics available in the market.
This knowledge will help us to choose wisely the fabric we require and make the best
use of it after purchase.
OBJECTIVES
After studying this lesson, you will be able to :
• discuss the functions of clothing and other household uses of fabrics;
• explain that the basic unit of a fabric is fibre which can be obtained from many
sources;
• state typical characteristics of different fabrics;
• identify fibres and fabrics on the basis of visual examination and non technical
tests;
• elaborate the process of yarn making and fabric construction;
• differentiate fabrics made from different yarns and tell their end uses;
• select fabrics for personal and household use.
i) Fibres from Natural Sources: All the fibres obtained from nature, i.e., plants
or animals, are known as natural fibres. e.g. cotton, wool, linen, silk, etc. Fibres
obtained from plant source are called cellulosic fibre e.g., cotton and linen. The
fibres that come from animal sources are also known as protein fibres, e.g.,
wool and silk.
Sources of commonly used natural fibres are shown below in Fig. 10.2.
Cotton pods and ball Sheep Silkworm
Cotton Wool Silk
Fig. 10.2: Sources of natural fibres – Cotton, Wool and Silk
ii) Man-Made fibres: The fibres which are made in laboratories using chemicals
are known as man-made fibres and these are of following two types:
a) Regenerated fibres – These fibres are made from extremely small cotton
fibres or any other fibre source such as wood pulp, milk protein, etc.
Chemicals are used to dissolve these and the solution is then converted into
solid fibres. Examples are rayon (cellulose out of viscose/acetate/triacetate)
of different types, casein fibre (from milk) and soya bean fibre.
b) Synthetic fibres - These are made using various petrochemical products.
Nylon, acrylic and polyester are all synthetic fibres.
Fibre to Fabric ( Class 6 )
Fibre to Fabric – Wool and Silk
The different videos in this topic explain important aspects of animal fibres like wool and silk. It covers the processing of wool, silk fibres i.e. how wool and silk yarn are obtained and also gives clear idea of about importance and characteristics of these animal fibres in very simple manner. This topic is meant for
Fibre, Yarn and Fabric
The different videos in this topic explain about one of the basic needs of life, clothing. It explains several important aspects like importance of clothing, how fabrics are made from the various fibres e.g. cotton, history of clothing etc. in simple story like presentations. Lessons provide brief details about cotton and jute fibres like processing
.
Yash Raj Kandya
Student of Class 6
National Public School Indore 452005
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